- “[IoT] heralds the onset of a new paradigm for the relationship between human beings and objects.” (2)
- In 2008, the number of internet-connected devices exceeded the number of people on Earth (when only 8 years prior, there were a mere 500 million internet-connected devices). (2)
- “the object is at the same time a communication channel and a stock of information, which reflects social relationships in a society at a certain moment.” (2)
- “Human beings communicate through the objects that they trade. The nature of the objects and the terms of their exchange are the symbol of the way a society watches and represents itself.” (2)
- Smart urban waste management (4)
- optimize trash collection–based on fill levels of bins
- incentive: “green credits”
- Smart urban planning (6)
- real, crowdsourced, detailed data on city usage and conditions
- Sustainable urban environment (8)
- IoT will shape policy, giving citizens a voice
- “The development of algorithms that can sift through massive and diverse data to find the patterns that explain our world without bias is a complex problem.” (9)
- “Killer business model”–interview with Alessandro Bassi:
- “I tend to see the Internet of Things as the interconnectivity of objects. It is the capability to uniquely identify and cmmunicate with objects by electromagnetic means.” (10)
- “This also goes for everything related to the supply of energy to individual sensors or other devices. We cannot just stick a battery into all objects, so we need to find a way to harvest ambient energy.” (10)
- “In fact, he says, we need to get away from the idea of adding something to objects to enable interconnectivity.” (10)
- e.g. embedded plastic transistors, not sticking a microchip on everything
- Aging population–Alzheimer’s (12)
- IoT used to monitor old people and allow them to live more independently
- Security concerns: fake user profiles, secure data; need transparency and encyption
- Continuous care (14)
- Remote monitoring of health
- “Telemedicine”
- Emergency response (16)
- Accurate event detection (e.g. car crash)
- Intelligent commuter (18)
- “IoT will provide additional feeds into the navigation system and make the information mix even richer by combining weather conditions en route, feedback from commuters already on the road, measurements from road sensors, etc.”
- More information to enable decision making (get off at the earlier exit, number of free parking spaces at the train station, etc.)
- Mobile payment (20)
- NFC detects mobile phones on busses, payment can be made automatically from the phone based on # of bus zones travelled
- NFC-enabled location-based services: find out where a person has been, where competitor’s products are sold, where packing of my product is usually disposed of…
- “Making peoples’ lives better” – interview with Harish Viswanathan (24)
- “…the Internet of Things aims at enriching life by creating more intelligent connections between devices and people.”
- Smart cities = cross-sector collaboration
- Issue: lack of standards
- Wireless connectivity needs to be improved and adjusted for this new type of info transfer (scalability)
- Semantics need to be streamlined so that we can talk about the data generated by IoT devices in a uniform way
- Intelligent shopping (26)
- Augmented reality used to overlay products with info
- Will be able to know where products came from, expiration date, allergy warnings…
- Info on shopping jabits can be used to encourage healthy eating or target advertising
- Smart product management (28)
- Combine with smart accounting software
- RFID tags will allow managers to track inventory automatically (each product has a unique ID) and track location
- See which products are picked up but not bought
- “RFID tags do not need energy supply–the energy of the incoming signal is sufficient to produce the outgoing one, at least for a distance of typically a few centimetres, which is usually sufficient.” (27)
- “Beyond fragmentation and sector-specific deplayments”–interview with Jan Holler (28)
- “Today we make a separation between the real or physical world and the internet. As I see it, the two should be blended.” (28)
- Lots of devices already use sensors to do things: vending machines monitor inventory, for example. “However, according to Jan Holler, there is a big challenge in moving beyond application-specific devices and establishing an information model that will create re-use of the data generated by the devices for new applications in ifferent application domains.” (28)
- “We need to create a kind of information fabric that will make [cross-sector data] understandable…across applications and domains.” (28)
- Need to standardize web technologies, IPs, platforms, language… “we need to put more effort into teh design of tools to automate deployment and configuration of devices.” (29)
- Mobile application for smart meters (30)
- “The Internet of Things is your extended memory.” (31)
- Remote control of appliances
- Knowledge comes from coherent presentation of data; data visualization will be very important
- Home automation (32)
- IoT will give us a more accurate picture of what we use and for how long; we can figure out where our time and money goes.
- Smart renewable energy (34)
- Updating mechanical energy generators with smart monitoring devices
- “The smart grid concept refers to the integration of the power grid with communication and information technologies aimed at increasing performance and reliability.” (35)
- “will enable autonomous communication and interaction between numerous components of a grid” (35)
- “The Internet of Things will enable very accurate planning and selection of sites for green energy production installations based on the potential and ability of each site to generate energy.” (36)
- Using IoT to measure things like weather conditions, wind velocity/direction, amount of rain, frequency of waves, etc. will, when “analyzed together with historical data” will “produce recommendations for optimal placement of energy generation equipment.” (36)
- Will also help with planning maintenance work on mechanical components
- “The entity of interest is a cow” – interview with Stephan Haller (36)
- “The internet of things i sbasically the concept of integrating the physical world and the digital world using internet technology.” (36)
- We need an advanced search engine for specific sensors or resources
- We need a platform for the development of applications for sensors
- Internet or inTRAnet?
- “…monitoring is actually just half the picture. The actuation, that is the triggering of events, is also a very important part of the concept of the Internet of Things.” (37)
- Smart events (38)
- Improve safety in emergencies by having sensors monitor emergency scenarios and send real-time feedback on effectiveness of emergency action plan
- Sensors can be used to “maintain a coordinated effort across emergency staff and to 3rd parties such as the transport system operators” (39)
- Improved response time
- Caution: many difference sensors are used to confirm an event, but rogue data is possible. “Semantics makes the generation of knowledge from these heterogeneous data sources possible… [It] allows different data to be fused, reasoned and interpreted by machines to form knowledge that can be easily understood and read by humans in fast proceses.” (39)
- Smart orchard (40)
- Can use sensors to monitor crop conditions, weather, soil, etc.
- Can use sensors to monitor workers and condition of equipment
- Positives: fast response if a worker has an accident, good for planning how to distribute his man-power
- Negatives: privacy issues, performance scores that aren’t an accurate reflection of a worker’s contribution,
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